This study aimed to examine and compare the effects of organizational governance and leadership styles on the organizational behavior of employees at universities in Bushehr Province. In terms of purpose, the research was applied, and in terms of methodology, it was a descriptive-survey study using a causal-comparative approach. The statistical population consisted of administrative and academic staff employed at universities in Bushehr Province, from whom 123 participants were selected through simple random sampling. Data were collected using standard questionnaires on organizational governance, leadership styles, and organizational behavior. The validity and reliability of the instruments were confirmed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis in SPSS software. The findings indicated that both organizational governance and leadership styles had a positive and significant effect on employees' organizational behavior and jointly explained a considerable proportion of its variance. Furthermore, leadership styles demonstrated a stronger predictive effect on organizational behavior than organizational governance. The results also showed that leadership styles had the greatest impact on organizational commitment and job satisfaction, whereas organizational governance played a more prominent role in improving job performance and organizational cooperation. Overall, the findings suggest that strengthening organizational governance mechanisms alongside adopting supportive and transformational leadership styles can enhance organizational behavior, improve organizational effectiveness and efficiency, strengthen performance, and promote the quality of educational and administrative services in universities.