Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is considered one of the most influential models of motivational psychology in the twentieth century. By presenting a hierarchical model of human needs, this theory has attempted to explain human individual and social behavior within a structured framework. However, a philosophical analysis of this theory indicates that its fundamental assumptions in the domains of ontology, anthropology, epistemology, and methodology require critical reconsideration.The present study, using a three-dimensional philosophical analysis model, examines the underlying dimensions of Maslow’s theory. In this regard, the relationship of the theory with order and radical social changes, the instrumental and organic nature of organizations, and the interaction of human open systems have been investigated. Furthermore, the position of the theory within behavioral, structural, and environmental domains has been analyzed.The results of the study indicate that Maslow’s theory, with its emphasis on psychological realism and humanistic humanism, neglects the dynamics of cultural and contextual factors and requires revision in light of contemporary social changes. In addition, methodological limitations and epistemological simplifications within the theory reduce its empirical validity in analyzing human motivation.Accordingly, the necessity of developing multidimensional, network-based, and context-oriented motivational models in dealing with the complexities of today’s world is emphasized. This study, through a critical perspective, provides a framework for the philosophical reconsideration of motivational theories and highlights the importance of integrating philosophical analysis into the development of behavioral and managerial theories.